Some people experience no symptoms.

You might get diarrhoea and stomach cramps. You might also have a fever, feel sick or vomit.

In more serious cases diarrhoea can be severe and may contain blood or mucus (this is also known as ‘dysentery’).

Symptoms usually start a day or two after you become infected and last up to a week.

Symptoms generally last for about five to seven days. In some cases, symptoms may last longer. Some people have no symptoms after they’ve been infected with shigella. However, their feces may still be contagious up to a few weeks.

Seek medical advice by visiting your doctor. Tell him that you may have picked up a stomach infection from sex, possibly shigella. That way they will know which tests to give you.

Anyone with bad diarrhoea should:

1. Get tested

If you do test positive for shigella you can’t go back to work until a health professional says so.

2. Wash hands frequently

You may be infectious for up to a month, so wash your hands with soap and warm water after using the toilet and before touching food.

Don’t prepare food for others while you’re ill or for a week after symptoms stop.

Wash your clothes, bedding and towels on the highest setting of the washing machine.

Use hot soapy water to clean taps, door handles, the toilet flush and seat at home very often.

3. Avoid:

• Sex, until a week after symptoms stop. 
• Sharing towels. Use separate towels at home.
• Jacuzzis/hot tubs/spas. You might contaminate and infect others.

Shigella is caused by bacteria found in faeces. Only a tiny amount needs to get into your mouth to pass it on – for example, from your fingers.

It’s often caused by contaminated food but it can also be passed on sexually.

Sex that may involve contact with faeces is a risk. This includes anal sex, fisting, handling a condom or sex toy used for anal sex, oral sex after anal sex, touching someone’s backside or rimming.

Someone with shigella can be infectious for up to a month.

The infection can be cured with antibiotics, but not everyone will need them. Drinking fluids will stop you losing too much water.

• Wash your hands during or after sex, especially if you’re rimming, touching someone’s backside or handling used condoms or sex toys. Even better, have a shower.
• Wear condoms for anal sex.
• Latex gloves offer protection if fingering or fisting.
• For barrier protection when rimming, cut a condom up into a square.
• Don’t share sex toys or douching equipment.
• Skin on the buttocks, around the backside or groin may carry the bacteria, so avoid licking these areas.
• Showering after sex is even better than washing.

If you live with HIV

If diagnosed early, shigella is easily treatable. HIV infection doesn’t affect the treatment regimen.

Nausea and vomiting that can occur with shigella may lead to issues of compliance with antiretroviral medications.

If you are immunosuppressed, shigella can be particularly severe for you, and you may need extended treatment as well as more time to recover.

Certain medications for HIV can have unwanted interactions with drugs used for shigella treatment. So, your doctor should be aware of your HIV status and choose the right treatment. You can verify HIV and non-HIV drug interactions at www.hiv-druginteractions.org/checker.

If you don’t live with HIV

Shigella is not associated with a greater risk of getting HIV.